If you're a man over 50 — or younger with a family history of prostate cancer — you've probably heard that a PSA test is worth having. What you may be less clear on is what the result actually means, and what happens if it comes back raised. This is a straightforward guide to help you decide whether to go ahead, and how to interpret what you're told.
What is PSA?
PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland. A blood test measures how much is circulating in your system. Higher levels can be associated with prostate cancer, but they can also be caused by a number of entirely benign conditions, including:
- An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia), which is very common over 50
- Prostatitis (inflammation or infection of the prostate)
- Recent strenuous exercise or sexual activity
- Certain urinary procedures
What a PSA test can and cannot tell you
This is the part worth reading carefully. A PSA test is a screening test, not a diagnostic one.
- A normal result does not exclude prostate cancer — some cancers don't raise PSA significantly, particularly at early stages.
- A raised result is not a diagnosis of cancer — the majority of men with an elevated PSA turn out not to have cancer.
What a raised PSA does is indicate that further investigation — typically an MRI or biopsy arranged through a specialist — is appropriate. That process, not the PSA result alone, is where a diagnosis is or isn't made.
Who should consider PSA testing?
Current guidance in the UK suggests discussing PSA testing with a clinician if you:
- Are aged 50 or over and want to be proactive about prostate health
- Have a first-degree relative (father or brother) diagnosed with prostate cancer
- Are of Black African or Black Caribbean heritage, where risk is approximately two to three times higher
- Have urinary symptoms such as needing to go more often at night, a weak flow, or difficulty starting
A GP appointment (from £50) is a good starting point to talk through whether testing makes sense for your individual situation.
What does a PSA blood test involve?
It's a straightforward blood draw, taking only a few minutes. Our blood screens start from £200 and can include PSA alongside other relevant markers. Results are reviewed by a clinician before being shared with you, so you're not left to interpret numbers alone.
After a PSA test — what next?
If your result is within the normal range for your age, your GP will explain what that means for you going forward, including how often it makes sense to re-test.
If your result is raised, you won't be left without support. A GP at Northwest Health will discuss what the number means, what factors might explain it, and whether onward investigation is appropriate. We are CQC-registered, and no referral is needed to book with us — patients across Preston, Lancashire and the wider North West can access testing quickly and without NHS waiting times.
Find out more about our blood tests and health screens →
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